Description

HHVM is an open source virtual machine designed for executing programs written in Hack and PHP. HHVM achieves a superior performance while maintaining the development flexibility that PHP provides.

First steps with the Bitnami HHVM Stack

Welcome to your new Bitnami application running on Bitnami Cloud Hosting! Here are a few questions (and answers!) you might need when first starting with your application.

What credentials do I need?

You need two sets of credentials:

• The application credentials that allow you to log in to your new Bitnami application. These credentials consist of a username and password.
• The server credentials that allow you to log in to your Bitnami Cloud Hosting server using an SSH client and execute commands on the server using the command line. These credentials consist of an SSH username and key.

What is the administrator username set for me to log in to the application for the first time?

Username: user

What SSH username should I use for secure shell access to my application?

SSH username: bitnami

How to start or stop the services?

Each Bitnami stack includes a control script that lets you easily stop, start and restart services. The script is located at /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh. Call it without any service name arguments to start all services:

$ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh start

Or use it to restart a single service, such as Apache only, by passing the service name as argument:

$ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart apache

Use this script to stop all services:

$ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh stop

Restart the services by running the script without any arguments:

$ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart

Obtain a list of available services and operations by running the script without any arguments:

$ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh

What are the default ports?

A port is an endpoint of communication in an operating system that identifies a specific process or a type of service. Bitnami stacks include several services or servers that require a port.

IMPORTANT: Making this application's network ports public is a significant security risk. You are strongly advised to only allow access to those ports from trusted networks. If, for development purposes, you need to access from outside of a trusted network, please do not allow access to those ports via a public IP address. Instead, use a secure channel such as a VPN or an SSH tunnel. Follow these instructions to remotely connect safely and reliably.

Port 22 is the default port for SSH connections.

Bitnami opens some ports for the main servers. These are the ports opened by default: 80, 443.

Which components are installed with the Bitnami HHVM Stack?

The Bitnami HHVM Stack is based on our LAMP stack, with the main difference that it includes HHVM configured to serve PHP files. Find out about the components included in the LAMP stack.

How can I get started with HHVM?

To get started, we suggest the following steps:

Step 1: Deploy your PHP application

The main directory to deploy your PHP application is /opt/bitnami/apache2/htdocs. You can copy your PHP application files to that directory and access the application via your browser. If you do not have a PHP application yet, we suggest deploying the PHP info example.

Do you have issues trying to connect to your server? Check our FAQ.

Step 2: Access phpMyAdmin

phpMyAdmin is a PHP-based application intended to handle the administration of MySQL over the Web. Find out how to access it.

How to upload files to the server with SFTP?

First, obtain your SSH credentials by following these steps:

• Browse to the Bitnami Cloud Hosting dashboard and sign in if required using your Bitnami account.

• Select the "Servers" menu item.

• Select your cloud server from the resulting list.

• Click the "Manage" button.

• On the resulting page, note the server IP address.

  

• Click the "Connect" button and download the SSH key for your server in .ppk format (for FileZilla or WinSCP) or in .pem format (for Cyberduck).

  

Although you can use any SFTP/SCP client to transfer files to your server, this guide documents FileZilla (Windows, Linux and Mac OS X), WinSCP (Windows) and Cyberduck (Mac OS X).

Using an SSH Key

Once you have your server's SSH key, choose your preferred application and follow the steps below to connect to the server using SFTP.

FileZilla

Follow these steps:

• Download and install FileZilla.
• Launch FileZilla and use the "Edit -> Settings" command to bring up FileZilla's configuration settings.

• Within the "Connection -> SFTP" section, use the "Add keyfile" command to select the private key file for the server. FileZilla will use this private key to log in to the server.

  

• Use the "File -> Site Manager -> New Site" command to bring up the FileZilla Site Manager, where you can set up a connection to your server.
• Enter your server host name and specify bitnami as the user name.

• Select "SFTP" as the protocol and "Ask for password" as the logon type.

  

• Use the "Connect" button to connect to the server and begin an SFTP session. You might need to accept the server key, by clicking "Yes" or "OK" to proceed.

You should now be logged into the /home/bitnami directory on the server. You can now transfer files by dragging and dropping them from the local server window to the remote server window.

If you have problems accessing your server, get extra information by use the "Edit -> Settings -> Debug" menu to activate FileZilla's debug log.

WinSCP

Follow these steps:

• Download and install WinSCP.
• Launch WinSCP and in the "Session" panel, select "SCP" as the file protocol.

• Enter your server host name and specify bitnami as the user name.

  

• Click the "Advanced…" button and within the "SSH -> Authentication -> Authentication parameters" section, select the private key file for the server. WinSCP will use this private key to log in to the server.

  

• From the "Session" panel, use the "Login" button to connect to the server and begin an SCP session.

You should now be logged into the /home/bitnami directory on the server. You can now transfer files by dragging and dropping them from the local server window to the remote server window.

If you need to upload files to a location where the bitnami user doesn't have write permissions, you have two options:

• Once you have configured WinSCP as described above, click the "Advanced…" button and within the "Environment -> Shell" panel, select sudo su - as your shell. This will allow you to upload files using the administrator account.

  

• Upload the files to the /home/bitnami directory as usual. Then, connect via SSH and move the files to the desired location with the sudo command, as shown below:

   $ sudo mv /home/bitnami/uploaded-file /path/to/desired/location/
  

Cyberduck

Follow these steps:

• Select the "Open Connection" command and specify "SFTP" as the connection protocol.

  

• In the connection details panel, under the "More Options" section, enable the "Use Public Key Authentication" option and specify the path to the private key file for the server.

  

• Use the "Connect" button to connect to the server and begin an SFTP session.

You should now be logged into the /home/bitnami directory on the server. You can now transfer files by dragging and dropping them from the local server window to the remote server window.

How to find the MySQL database credentials?

• Database username: root.
• Database password: The same as the application password. Find out how to obtain application credentials.

How to connect to the MySQL database?

You can connect to the MySQL database from the same computer where it is installed with the mysql client tool.

$ mysql -u root -p

You will be prompted to enter the root user password. This is the same as the application password.

How to connect to HHVM from a different machine?

For security reasons, the HHVM ports in this solution cannot be accessed over a public IP address. To connect to HHVM from a different machine, you must open port 80, 443 for remote access. Refer to the FAQ for more information on this.

IMPORTANT: Making this application's network ports public is a significant security risk. You are strongly advised to only allow access to those ports from trusted networks. If, for development purposes, you need to access from outside of a trusted network, please do not allow access to those ports via a public IP address. Instead, use a secure channel such as a VPN or an SSH tunnel. Follow these instructions to remotely connect safely and reliably.

How to access phpMyAdmin?

For security reasons, phpMyAdmin is accessible only when using 127.0.0.1 as the hostname. To access it from a remote system, you must create an SSH tunnel that routes requests to the Web server from 127.0.0.1. This implies that you must be able to connect to your server over SSH in order to access these applications remotely.

Accessing phpMyAdmin on Windows

Watch the following video to learn how to easily access phpMyAdmin on Windows through an SSH tunnel:

In order to access phpMyAdmin via SSH tunnel you need an SSH client. In the instructions below we have selected PuTTY, a free SSH client for Windows and UNIX platforms. The first step is having PuTTY configured. Please, check how to configure it in the section how to connect to the server through SSH using an SSH client on Windows.

Once you have your SSH client correctly configured and you tested that you can successfully access to your instance via SSH, you need to create an SSH tunnel in order to access phpMyAdmin. For doing so, follow these steps:

• In the "Connection -> SSH -> Tunnels" section, add a new forwarded port by introducing the following values:

  • Source port: 8888
  • Destination: localhost:80

  This will create a secure tunnel by forwarding a port (the "destination port") on the remote server to a port (the "source port") on the local host (127.0.0.1 or localhost).

• Click the "Add" button to add the secure tunnel configuration to the session. (You'll see the added port in the list of "Forwarded ports").

  

• In the "Session" section, save your changes by clicking the "Save" button.
• Click the "Open" button to open an SSH session to the server. The SSH session will now include a secure SSH tunnel between the two specified ports.
• Access the phpMyAdmin console through the secure SSH tunnel you created, by browsing to http://127.0.0.1:8888/phpmyadmin.

• Log in to phpMyAdmin by using the following credentials:

  • Username: root
  • Password: application password. (Refer to our FAQ to learn how to find your application credentials).

Here is an example of what you should see:

If you are unable to access phpMyAdmin, verify that the SSH tunnel was created by checking the PuTTY event log (accessible via the "Event Log" menu):

Accessing phpMyAdmin on Linux and Mac OS X

To access the application using your Web browser, create an SSH tunnel, as described below.

• Open a new terminal window on your local system (for example, using "Finder -> Applications -> Utilities -> Terminal" in Mac OS X or the Dash in Ubuntu).
• Make sure that you have your SSH credentials (.pem key file) in hand.

• Run the following command to configure the SSH tunnel. Remember to replace KEYFILE with the path to your private key and SERVER-IP with the public IP address or hostname of your server:

     $ ssh -N -L 8888:127.0.0.1:80 -i KEYFILE bitnami@SERVER-IP
  

• Access the phpMyAdmin console through the secure SSH tunnel you created, by browsing to http://127.0.0.1:8888/phpmyadmin.

• Log in to phpMyAdmin by using the following credentials:

  • Username: root
  • Password: application password. (Refer to our FAQ to learn how to find your application credentials).

Here is an example of what you should see:

How to reset the MariaDB root password?

If you don't remember your MariaDB root password, you can follow the steps below to reset it to a new value:

• Create a file in /home/bitnami/mysql-init with the content shown below (replace NEW_PASSWORD with the password you wish to use):

   UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('NEW_PASSWORD') WHERE User='root';
   FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
  

• Stop the MariaDB server:

   $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh stop mariadb
  

• Start MariaDB with the following command:

   $ sudo /opt/bitnami/mariadb/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/opt/bitnami/mariadb/my.cnf --pid-file=/opt/bitnami/mariadb/data/mysqld.pid --init-file=/home/bitnami/mysql-init 2> /dev/null &
  

• Restart the MariaDB server:

   $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart mariadb
  

• Remove the init script

   $ rm /home/bitnami/mysql-init
  

How to change the MariaDB root password?

You can modify the MariaDB password using the following command at the shell prompt:

$ /opt/bitnami/mariadb/bin/mysqladmin -p -u root password NEW_PASSWORD

How can I run a command in the Bitnami HHVM Stack?

Log in to the server console as the bitnami user and run the command as usual. The required environment is automatically loaded for the bitnami user.

Which components are installed with the Bitnami HHVM Stack?

The Bitnami HHVM Stack is based on our LAMP stack, with the main difference that it includes HHVM configured to serve PHP files. Find out about the components included in the LAMP stack.

How to check the installed PHP modules?

The easiest way to check which PHP modules are installed is to create a test script using the phpinfo() function. Open your favorite text editor and type:

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

Save the file as phptest.php in /opt/bitnami/apache2/htdocs/. Make sure Apache is up and running, open a browser and type http://SERVER-IP/phptest.php. You should then see a screen showing detailed information about the PHP version you are using and installed modules.

You can also run the following command:

$ /opt/bitnami/php/bin/php -m

How to create a custom PHP application?

Many users run a Bitnami stack as a development environment for their own PHP projects (as opposed to running third-party applications such as Joomla! or WordPress). To deploy your PHP application in this environment, you have two options:

• To make a single PHP application accessible at the root URL of the Web server (for example, http://localhost), simply copy the PHP files into the /opt/bitnami/apache2/htdocs folder. For an example, take a look at the phpinfo example.

• To have several applications running, create the same structure used by Bitnami when installing Bitnami PHP applications. Recent versions of Bitnami stacks ship a demo application with this structure to help you get started. To use this, follow the steps below:

  • Copy the /opt/bitnami/docs/demo folder into the /opt/bitnami/apps directory.

    $ sudo cp -r /opt/bitnami/docs/demo /opt/bitnami/apps
    

  • Add the following line to the end of the /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/bitnami/bitnami-apps-prefix.conf file:

    Include "/opt/bitnami/apps/demo/conf/httpd-prefix.conf"
    

  • Restart the Apache server using the command-line tool.

    $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart apache
    

  You should now be able to access the demo application at http://SERVER-IP/demo. You should see a "Hello world" message in your browser.

• If your stack does not include a demo application, or if you prefer to create a custom PHP application from scratch, follow the steps below. These steps assume that your application will live in the /opt/bitnami/apps/myapp/ directory:

  • Run the following commands to create the directories:

    $ sudo mkdir /opt/bitnami/apps/myapp
    $ sudo mkdir /opt/bitnami/apps/myapp/htdocs/
    $ sudo mkdir /opt/bitnami/apps/myapp/conf
    

  • Create and edit the /opt/bitnami/apps/myapp/conf/httpd-prefix.conf file and add the line below to it:

    Alias /myapp/ "/opt/bitnami/apps/myapp/htdocs/"
    Alias /myapp "/opt/bitnami/apps/myapp/htdocs/"
    Include "/opt/bitnami/apps/myapp/conf/httpd-app.conf"
    

  • Create and edit the /opt/bitnami/apps/myapp/conf/httpd-app.conf file and add the content below to it. This is the main configuration file for your application, so modify it further depending on your application's requirements.

    <Directory /opt/bitnami/apps/myapp/htdocs/>
        Options +FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        <IfVersion < 2.3 >
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
        </IfVersion>
        <IfVersion >= 2.3>
        Require all granted
        </IfVersion>
    </Directory>
    

    NOTE: If your application uses .htaccess files, you should change the AllowOverride None option to AllowOverride All. Find out how to move the .htaccess file content to the main server configuration file.

  • Once you have created the files and directories above, add the following line to the end of the main Apache configuration file at /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/bitnami/bitnami-apps-prefix.conf, as shown below:

    Include "/opt/bitnami/apps/myapp/conf/httpd-prefix.conf"
    

  • Restart the Apache server:

    $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart apache
    

    You should now be able to access the application at http://SERVER-IP/myapp.

How can I deploy my PHP application?

The main directory to deploy your PHP application is /opt/bitnami/apache2/htdocs. You can copy your PHP application files to that directory and access the application via your browser at http://SERVER-IP/.

How to create a full backup of HHVM?

Backup

The Bitnami HHVM Stack is self-contained and the simplest option for performing a backup is to copy or compress the Bitnami stack installation directory. To do so in a safe manner, you will need to stop all servers, so this method may not be appropriate if you have people accessing the application continuously.

Follow these steps:

• Change to the directory in which you wish to save your backup:

    $ cd /your/directory
  

• Stop all servers:

    $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh stop
  

• Create a compressed file with the stack contents:

    $ sudo tar -pczvf application-backup.tar.gz /opt/bitnami
  

• Restart all servers:

    $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh start
  

You should now download or transfer the application-backup.tar.gz file to a safe location.

Restore

Follow these steps:

• Change to the directory containing your backup:

    $ cd /your/directory
  

• Stop all servers:

    $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh stop
  

• Move the current stack to a different location:

    $ sudo mv /opt/bitnami /tmp/bitnami-backup
  

• Uncompress the backup file to the original directoryv

    $ sudo tar -pxzvf application-backup.tar.gz -C /
  

• Start all servers:

    $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh start
  

If you want to create only a database backup, refer to these instructions for MySQL and PostgreSQL.

How to debug errors in your database?

The main log file is created at /opt/bitnami/mysql/data/mysqld.log on the MySQL database server host.