Install Drupal On Top Of The Bitnami NGINX Stack

NOTE: We are in the process of modifying the file structure and configuration for many Bitnami stacks. On account of these changes, the file paths stated in this guide may change depending on whether your Bitnami stack uses native Linux system packages (Approach A), or if it is a self-contained installation (Approach B). To identify your Bitnami installation type and what approach to follow, run the command below:
 $ test ! -f "/opt/bitnami/common/bin/openssl" && echo "Approach A: Using system packages." || echo "Approach B: Self-contained installation."
The output of the command indicates which approach (A or B) is used by the installation, and will allow you to identify the paths, configuration and commands to use in this guide. Refer to the FAQ for more information on these changes.

Introduction

If you’re interested in creating a personal or a business website, you can use Drupal. Drupal is an open source content management framework used by thousand of enterprises, governments, higher-education institutions and NGOs for creating their websites with reliably and flexibly.

NGINX is an open source web server that helps developers to improve the security, performance and reliability of their applications. And not only that, it can also function as a proxy server for email (IMAP, POP3, and SMTP) and a reverse proxy and load balancer for HTTP, TCP, and UDP servers.

This guide walks you through the process of installing Drupal on top of a running NGINX server.

Assumptions and prerequisites

This guide makes the following assumptions:

You have a basic understanding of NGINX.
You have a Bitnami stack installed with an NGINX server - for example, the Bitnami NGINX Stack.

Step 1: Prepare your NGINX server

This step consists of preparing your NGINX server for Drupal. To do so, follow the instructions below:

Approach A: Bitnami installations using system packages

Download the latest version of Drupal and extract the files to the /opt/bitnami/drupal/ directory. Replace the X.Y.Z placeholder with the Drupal version number.

$ cd /tmp
$ wget https://www.drupal.org/download-latest/tar.gz
$ sudo tar xfvz tar.gz -C /opt/bitnami/
$ sudo mv /opt/bitnami/drupal-X.Y.Z /opt/bitnami/drupal
$ sudo cp /opt/bitnami/drupal/sites/default/default.settings.php /opt/bitnami/drupal/sites/default/settings.php

Run the following commands to assign the necessary directory permissions:

$ sudo chown -R bitnami:daemon /opt/bitnami/drupal
$ sudo chmod -R g+w /opt/bitnami/drupal
$ sudo find /opt/bitnami/drupal/ -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
$ sudo find /opt/bitnami/drupal/ -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
$ sudo chown -R daemon /opt/bitnami/drupal/sites/default /opt/bitnami/drupal/modules /opt/bitnami/drupal/themes

Create and edit the /opt/bitnami/nginx/conf/server_blocks/drupal-server-block.conf file and add the configuration block shown below:

server {
  # Port to listen on, can also be set in IP:PORT format
  listen 80 default_server;
  root /opt/bitnami/drupal;
  # Catch-all server block
  # See: https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/server_names.html#miscellaneous_names
  server_name _;
  location = /favicon.ico {
    log_not_found off;
    access_log off;
  }
  location = /robots.txt {
    allow all;
    log_not_found off;
    access_log off;
  }
  location ~ ^/sites/.*/private/ {
    return 403;
  }
  # Block access to scripts in site files directory
  location ~ ^/sites/[^/]+/files/.*\.php$ {
    deny all;
  }
  # Allow "Well-Known URIs" as per RFC 5785
  location ~* ^/.well-known/ {
    allow all;
  }
  location / {
    try_files $uri /index.php?$query_string;
  }
  location @rewrite {
    rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?q=$1;
  }
  # Don't allow direct access to PHP files in the vendor directory.
  location ~ /vendor/.*\.php$ {
    deny all;
    return 404;
  }
  # Fighting with Styles? This little gem is amazing.
  location ~ ^/sites/.*/files/styles/ {
    try_files $uri @rewrite;
  }
  # Handle private files through Drupal. Private file's path can come
  # with a language prefix.
  location ~ ^(/[a-z\-]+)?/system/files/ {
    try_files $uri /index.php?$query_string;
  }
  location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg)$ {
    try_files $uri @rewrite;
    expires max;
    log_not_found off;
  }
  location ~ \.php$|^/update.php {
    fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_pass   unix:/opt/bitnami/php/var/run/www.sock;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $request_filename;
    fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?.php)(|/.*)$;
    include fastcgi_params;
  }        
  include  "/opt/bitnami/nginx/conf/bitnami/*.conf";
}

Create and edit the /opt/bitnami/nginx/conf/server_blocks/drupal-https-server-block.conf file and add the configuration block shown below:

server {
  # Port to listen on, can also be set in IP:PORT format
  listen 443 ssl default_server;
  root /opt/bitnami/drupal;
  # Catch-all server block
  # See: https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/server_names.html#miscellaneous_names
  server_name _;
  ssl_certificate      bitnami/certs/server.crt;
  ssl_certificate_key  bitnami/certs/server.key;
  include  "/opt/bitnami/nginx/conf/bitnami/*.conf";
}

Restart NGINX:

$ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart nginx

Approach B: Self-contained Bitnami installations

Create a directory for the Drupal installation:

$ cd /opt/bitnami/apps
$ sudo mkdir drupal
$ sudo mkdir drupal/conf

Download the latest version of Drupal and extract the files to the /opt/bitnami/apps/drupal/htdocs/ directory>. Replace the X.Y.Z placeholder with the Drupal version number.

$ cd /tmp
$ wget https://www.drupal.org/download-latest/tar.gz
$ sudo tar xfvz tar.gz -C /opt/bitnami/apps/drupal
$ sudo mv /opt/bitnami/apps/drupal/drupal-X.Y.Z/ /opt/bitnami/apps/drupal/htdocs/
$ sudo cp /opt/bitnami/apps/drupal/htdocs/sites/default/default.settings.php /opt/bitnami/apps/drupal/htdocs/sites/default/settings.php

Run the following commands to assign the necessary directory permissions:

$ sudo chown -R bitnami:daemon /opt/bitnami/apps/drupal/
$ sudo chmod -R g+w /opt/bitnami/apps/drupal/
$ sudo find /opt/bitnami/drupal/ -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
$ sudo find /opt/bitnami/drupal/ -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
$ sudo chown -R daemon /opt/bitnami/drupal/sites/default /opt/bitnami/drupal/modules /opt/bitnami/drupal/themes

Create and edit the /opt/bitnami/apps/drupal/conf/nginx-prefix.conf file and add the configuration block shown below:

location / {
  alias "/opt/bitnami/apps/drupal/htdocs/";
  include "/opt/bitnami/apps/drupal/conf/nginx-app.conf";
}

Create and edit the /opt/bitnami/apps/drupal/conf/nginx-app.conf file and add the content below to it. This is the main configuration file for your application, so modify it further depending on your application’s requirements.

if (!-e $request_filename)
{
  rewrite ^/(.+)$ /index.php?q=$1 last;
}
index index.php index.html index.htm;
location ~ \.php$ {
  fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_pass unix:/opt/bitnami/php/var/run/www.sock;
  fastcgi_index index.php;
  fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $request_filename;
  include fastcgi_params;
}

Add the following line to the end of the /opt/bitnami/nginx/conf/bitnami/bitnami-apps-prefix.conf file:
```
include "/opt/bitnami/apps/drupal/conf/nginx-prefix.conf";
```

Restart the NGINX server:

$ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart nginx

Step 2: Create and configure the Drupal database

Follow the steps below to create the Drupal database:

Create a database for Drupal (you need to indicate the MySQL credentials).
```
$ mysql -u root -e "create database bitnami_drupal;" -p
```
Create a database user for Drupal (you need to indicate the MySQL credentials). Replace the DRUPAL-PASSWORD placeholder with a user-defined password that you will use when installing Drupal.
```
$ mysql -u root -e "create user 'bn_drupal'@'localhost' identified by 'DRUPAL-PASSWORD'; grant all privileges on bitnami_drupal.* to 'bn_drupal'@'localhost'" -p
```

Step 3: Install Drupal

Follow the steps below to install Drupal:

Open a browser and go to http://YOUR-SERVER-IP/core/install.php. You should see a page similar to the one shown below:
Choose the language.
Choose the “Standard” profile.
When setting the database, use the DRUPAL-PASSWORD you previously chose. Once you have finished, click “Save and continue”:
Enter the required information in the “Configure site” screen and click “Save and continue”:

Drupal will now be installed. Once installed, you will be able to access it by browsing to the IP address of your NGINX Web server.

Step 4: Configure security settings

As a final step, it is also recommended to set a trusted host pattern in your Drupal configuration file at /opt/bitnami/apps/drupal/htdocs/sites/default/settings.php. Edit this file and add the following line to it, replacing the YOUR-SERVER-IP placeholder with the IP address or domain name for your Drupal website.

    $settings['trusted_host_patterns'] = [
      '^YOUR\.SERVER\.IP$',
    ];

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Install Drupal On Top Of The Bitnami NGINX Stack

Introduction

Assumptions and prerequisites

Step 1: Prepare your NGINX server

Approach A: Bitnami installations using system packages

Approach B: Self-contained Bitnami installations

Step 2: Create and configure the Drupal database

Step 3: Install Drupal

Step 4: Configure security settings

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